The Influence of Family Environment and Education on Children's Cognitive Development in Mandailing Natal (Qualitative Field Study)

Abstract

This study explores how the family environment and educational settings influence the cognitive development of children in Mandailing Natal. Using a qualitative field study approach, data were collected through home and school observations, interviews with parents and teachers, and supporting documentation. The findings show that family factorssuch as parenting style, communication, and access to learning materials play a major role in shaping children’s early thinking, language, and problem-solving skills. Parental education and economic conditions further determine the quality of stimulation children receive at home. Schools also contribute significantly through structured learning, teacher competence, and peer interaction, although disparities in facilities affect learning outcomes. Overall, cognitive development results from the combined effects of family practices and school environments.