PKM-P

Structural Performance Analysis in 10-Storey and 2-Storey Basement Buildings Using the Pushover Method

Muhammad Yaafi Fayyad — 2026-06-15

This study aims to evaluate the structural performance of a 10-story reinforced concrete residential building with two basement levels under seismic loading using the nonlinear static pushover analysis method. The research is motivated by the growing development of high-rise buildings with basement configurations in seismic zones, requiring a performance-based design approach to ensure structural safety. The theoretical foundation refers to ATC-40, FEMA 356, and the Indonesian seismic code SNI 1726:2019, which guide the determination of capacity curves, performance points, drift ratios, and structural damage levels. A quantitative analytical method was applied, and the structural model was developed using Robot Structural Analysis Professional. The loading considered includes dead load, live load, wind load, and equivalent static seismic load prior to conducting pushover analysis in both X and Y directions. The results show that the performance point in the X direction is achieved at a displacement of 179.29 mm with a base shear of 15,843.35 kN, while the Y direction reaches a displacement of 200.51 mm with a base shear of 15,479.03 kN. The maximum drift ratio of 0.004 in both directions satisfies the Immediate Occupancy (IO) performance level according to ATC-40.

The Analysis of the Utilization of Inorganic Waste as a Material for Making Environmentally Friendly Materials

Yulia Khairina Ashar — 2026-06-15

The problem of inorganic waste is a growing environmental issue due to the high use of materials such as plastic, glass, and metal in everyday life. Inorganic waste is difficult to decompose, and therefore can pollute the environment if not managed properly. This study aims to determine the use of inorganic waste as a raw material for making environmentally friendly materials and the public's perspective on inorganic waste management. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through direct interviews with six respondents selected using purposive sampling. The results showed that most respondents understood the meaning of inorganic waste and recognized that it can be reused to create useful products, such as plant pots, handicrafts, tissue holders, and ecobricks. Utilizing inorganic waste is considered capable of helping reduce waste accumulation and maintain environmental cleanliness. However, obstacles remain in waste management, such as low public awareness, lack of education, and limited recycling facilities. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the use of inorganic waste as an environmentally friendly material has good potential to reduce environmental pollution, thus requiring public support and participation in sustainable waste management.

Analysis of Promotion in the Development Strategy of Business, A Source of Livelihood in Sipolu Polu Village, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency

Devi Rahma Sari — 2026-06-10

This study aims to analyze the promotional strategies implemented by Sumber Rezeki Enterprises to develop its business, specifically in marketing its traditional regional food, kerupuk bola potong (bending crackers). This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques included interviews, observations, and direct documentation with the owners, employees, and customers of Sumber Rezeki Enterprises. The study was conducted from March 2025 to July 2025. The results indicate that the promotional strategies employed are still traditional and do not utilize digital media optimally. Promotion is carried out passively through word of mouth without the support of visual promotional tools such as banners, brochures, catalogs, or social media. This results in limited market reach and the inability to reach new consumers outside the local area. A SWOT analysis revealed that Sumber Rezeki Enterprises' primary strengths lie in product quality and affordable prices, while its main weaknesses are the lack of specialized marketing personnel and limited digital marketing knowledge. Opportunities for development are wide open, given the increasing trend in local product consumption, access to e-commerce, and government support for MSME digitalization programs. The main threat faced is competition from similar businesses that have already implemented digital-based promotional strategies. Based on these findings, this study recommends various modern promotional strategies, such as digital marketing training, utilizing social media and e-commerce, improving packaging design, and collaborating with local influencers...

Competitive Strategy Analysis of Faisah Laundry Business in Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency

Nur Maulida — 2026-06-10

This study aims to analyze the competitive strategies implemented by Faisah Laundry in facing business competition in Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency, and to identify the factors that can enhance its competitive capabilities. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants included the business owner, employees, and several customers of Faisah Laundry. The findings reveal that Faisah Laundry holds advantages in terms of laundry quality, strategic location, and free pick-up and delivery services. However, the business also faces several weaknesses, such as limited manpower, lack of digital management systems, service delays, and minimal online promotion. The competitive strategy applied is still informal and lacks structured planning. SWOT analysis shows that the business has opportunities due to the increasing demand for laundry services, yet it also encounters threats from growing market competition. The study concludes that Faisah Laundry needs to develop a more structured competitive strategy by adopting cost leadership, differentiation, and focus approaches. Moreover, improving human resource quality, utilizing digital technology, and strengthening customer service are crucial factors to enhance its business competitiveness in an evolving market environment.

The Effect of Using the Educational Game Tool Counting Box on the Numbers Ability of Early Children in One-Roof Kindergarten Sdn 003 Sihepeng, Siabu District

Angriani Hasibuan — 2026-06-10

The problem of early childhood numeracy is increasingly prominent at the national level, with data showing that approximately 60-70% of kindergarten children have not yet achieved competency standards. This study aims to examine the effect of using the Counting Box Educational Game Tool (APE) on the numeracy skills of early childhood children at the One-Roof Kindergarten of SDN 003 Sihepeng, Siabu District, South Tapanuli Regency. A quantitative quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design approach was applied to a population and sample of 30 children in group B (aged 5-6 years, 16 boys and 14 girls), with partial t-test and linear regression analysis using SPSS 26. The numeracy test instrument was proven valid (r count 0.724-0.970 > r table 0.3061) and reliable (Cronbach's Alpha X = 0.966; Y = 0.973), with the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity met. The analysis results showed a positive and significant effect (Sig. 0.000 < 0.05; t-test 67.381 > t-table), with a regression equation of Y = 0.759 + 1.037X, indicating that each one-unit increase in APE use increased numeracy skills by 1.037 units. The study concluded that the Counting Box APE is effective as a play-based learning medium for building the foundation of numeracy in early childhood.