CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN ESP AT VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstrak

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in Vocational High Schools has become a strategic necessity in preparing students to face the global workforce. One learning approach that is considered relevant is Project-Based Learning (PjBL), as it encourages contextual learning and the development of 21st-century skills. However, the implementation of PjBL in the context of ESP still faces various challenges, such as limited teacher training, a lack of project-based teaching materials, and minimal institutional support. This study aims to examine the challenges and opportunities of implementing PjBL in ESP learning in vocational high schools through a literature review method and a thematic analysis approach to various scientific articles, journals, and previous research results, focusing on the context of ESP learning and the implementation of PjBL in vocational education. The results of the study identify four main themes: challenges of implementation, the role of teachers, student development opportunities, and the relevance of PjBL in ESP teaching. PjBL also offers various opportunities such as increased learning motivation, strengthening professional communication competence, and direct links to the needs of the world of work.