Implementation of Pancasila on Bromo Prewedding Flare Case

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia, which is rich in its natural and cultural heritage, has long been a major attraction for various types of celebrations, including weddings.In recent years, the trend of modern weddings has been growing rapidly in the country.One increasingly popular trend is the concept of pre-wedding, where brides-to-be undergo a magnificent photo shoot session to capture their precious moments before the wedding day arrives.While this concept can create wonderful memories, unfortunately, not all pre-wedding trips go smoothly.One of the developments in the prewedding concept is the use of flares or pyrotechnic lighting devices.Although these flares can create spectacular photographs, they can also have serious negative impacts, especially when used in natural areas prone to catastrophic fires.
The fires that occurred on Mount Bromo as a result of the use of flares in prewedding sessions are a vivid example of how a trend that at first looks attractive can turn into a serious threat to nature and society.The incident began when a bride-to-be couple was undergoing a pre-wedding photo shoot with flares in the area.
In a press conference held at the Probolinggo Police Station on Thursday, September 7, 2023, reports indicate that during the shooting session, four flares were successfully ignited, but one flare failed and eventually exploded (Nurullah, 2023).The result of this explosion triggered fires that hit the savannah as reported by Surabaya.Kompas.com.This fire has occurred since Wednesday, August 30, 2023, and until Sunday, September 3, 2023, the area of land burned has reached 50 hectares (Reza Kurnia Darmawan, 2023).Sukaryo, a volunteer from Lumajang Regency, explained that the difficulty in extinguishing the fire was caused by weather factors, including very strong winds, as well as a lack of adequate equipment.
On September 15, 2023, Septi Eka Wardhani, Head of Administration of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BB TNBTS) in Malang City, East Java, revealed that damage caused by forest and land fires (karhutla) around Mount Bromo is estimated to have reached around 504 hectares (liputan6.com,2023).This figure reflects the extensive and serious damage, which occurred as an accumulation of several fire incidents in the Mount Bromo area.Septi Eka Wardhani explained that the starting point of the fire occurred in Bantengan Block, Ranupane Village, Senduro District, Lumajang Regency, but the fire managed to spread to reach Watu Gede Block and Jantur Block, including the B29 tourist area (Huda &;Krisiandi, 2023).
At the time of the incident, it was said that blackout efforts had been made by the people involved.Although great efforts have been made to extinguish the fire, bad weather with strong winds made the situation even more difficult.Hendra, one of those involved in the incident, explained, "At the time of the incident, we tried our best, even using bottled mineral water and all the resources we had."At the same time, however, extreme weather conditions also caused spark flares to quickly propagate and destroy dozens of hectares of land.Hendra also expressed his apology to the entire community, including President Jokowi (Henry, 2023).However, some sources also indicate that related parties may not have a Conservation Area Entry Permit (Simaksi).
Widespread land fires, as we are witnessing in the Mount Bromo area in 2023, are not just events of concern.In addition to the inevitable damage to environmental ecosystems, events of this kind also raise deep questions about how these actions can impact the values reflected in Pancasila, the basic philosophy of the Indonesian state.Pancasila, as the foundation of the state, is not only a motto, but also reflects moral and ethical principles that are the main foundation of the entire social, political, and economic order in Indonesia.
Article 1 point 2 of Law No. 23 of 1997 concerning Environmental Management which defines environmental management as an integrated effort to preserve environmental functions, which includes policies for structuring, utilizing, developing, maintaining, restoring, supervising, and controlling the environment (Agus Rianto, 2006), becomes very relevant in the context of this land fire case around Mount Bromo.
This case highlights the need for integrated and sustainable environmental management.The land fires reflect a failure in environmental maintenance and monitoring efforts in the region.By referring to the definition in the Law, effective environmental management actions in the Mount Bromo area must cover various aspects, such as good management to prevent fires, sustainable use of natural resources, development of post-fire recovery programs, and strict supervision and control to prevent actions that can damage the environment.
By linking Law No. 23 of 1997 with the case of land fires on Mount Bromo, we can see how important the implementation of environmental management principles and personal awareness is to preserve the environment and nature.This case also reminds us of our shared responsibility to preserve Indonesia's natural beauty, while respecting the moral and ethical values reflected in Pancasila as the foundation of the country.
In this journal, we will discuss more about this issue, including environmental impacts, fire risks, and social and economic impacts arising from these issues.In addition, we will also highlight the efforts that have been and are being made to overcome these problems and keep Indonesia, which is rich in natural beauty, sustainable.

LITERATURE REVIEW
This literature review reviews previous research relevant to the topic the researcher is researching.The first research was the work of Witasya Aurelia Sulaeman; Adinda Kusumaning Ratri; and Atik Winanti (2023) entitled "Legal Implications of Forest and Land Fires in the Bromo National Park Area in the Perspective of Legal Sociology."(Sulaeman, Ratri, &;Winanti, 2023) This study used qualitative research methods.This method is used to understand the phenomenon of forest and land fires in the Bromo National Park Area from the perspective of legal sociology.The respondents or sample of the study were not mentioned in the citations provided.Data collection is carried out through analysis of forest and land fires and law enforcement against forest and land fires.Data analysis was conducted by analyzing the legal implications of forest and land fires in the Bromo National Park Area.
The results of this study illustrate that forest and land fires in the Bromo National Park Area have significant legal implications.Researchers found that perpetrators of forest and land fires are required to bear legal consequences for their actions that harm the state budget, nature, and surrounding residents.These findings show that law enforcement against forest and land fires needs to be strengthened to prevent fires that damage the environment and threaten people's lives.These findings have a substantial impact on policy development in the management of Bromo National Park.The legal implications found in this study could form the basis for strengthening the protection of the area and encouraging more effective law enforcement against perpetrators of forest and land fires.
In a second study relevant to this topic, Ronald Hidayat and Iyah Faniyah (2022) conducted research that deepened our understanding of "Law Enforcement Against Perpetrators of Criminal Acts Together Causes Forest and Land Fires in the Barisan Wildlife Reserve Conservation Forest Area." (Hidayat, 2022) This research presents a strong theoretical framework and sophisticated methodology in uncovering aspects of legal action related to fire behavior in conservation parks.
In this study, researchers aim to analyze law enforcement by the Solok City Police Crime Squad against criminal offenders who cause forest and land fires in the Barisan Wildlife Reserve conservation forest area, as well as identify the obstacles faced by Solok City Police Crime Squad investigators in law enforcement against criminal offenders together who cause forest and land fires in the Barisan Wildlife Reserve conservation forest area.
The research method used in this study is an analytical descriptive method with normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches.A normative juridical approach is used to analyze legal aspects related to law enforcement against perpetrators of criminal acts that cause forest and land fires.Meanwhile, an empirical juridical approach was used to identify the obstacles faced by investigators of the Solok City Police Secretariat in law enforcement.
Based on this study, it was found that law enforcement against perpetrators of forest and land burning crimes in the Barisan Wildlife Reserve conservation forest area was carried out by grouping perpetrators based on their role in committing criminal acts.The perpetrators were subject to criminal sanctions according to their role in burning forests and land in the area.
Law enforcement against the criminal act of burning forests and land is based on several laws that regulate the conservation of biological natural resources and ecosystems, forestry, and the prevention and eradication of forest destruction.Perpetrators of forest and land burning crimes may be subject to criminal sanctions based on articles in the law.
The third research relevant to this topic is Yohana.R.U.Sianturi and Dinie Anggraeni Dewi (2021) conducted an in-depth investigation into "The Application of Pancasila Values in Daily Life and as Character Education."(Sianturi &;Dewi, 2021) This research provides valuable insights into the implementation of Pancasila and makes an important contribution to our understanding of behavioral aspects in terms of Pancasila.
This researcher takes a normative method approach that is prescriptive with legal, historical, and conceptual approaches.Research data is collected through literature research, namely by collecting and analyzing various literature sources relevant to the research topic.Data analysis is carried out using a deduction syllogism, that is, by connecting existing premises to reach a logical conclusion.
The results showed that the application of Pancasila values in everyday life has significant implications.By understanding and practicing the values of Pancasila, individuals can become religious people, have a just and civilized humanitarian attitude, and uphold the unity of Indonesia.
The implication of the application of Pancasila values in everyday life is the creation of a harmonious society, mutual respect, and upholding national values.This can help strengthen the unity and unity of the nation and build a strong and strong Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
The application of character education based on Pancasila values is also important to foster awareness of a sense of unity and national unity.Through character education, the younger generation can correct the values that have been distorted and return them to values that are by Pancasila, thus creating a society that has an awareness of the importance of unity and unity in building the country.
These findings open up opportunities for continued research, leading to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of forest and land fires.In addition, the study highlights efforts that can be made to prevent and mitigate forest and land fires, enriching discussions on more effective preventive measures in the future.

RESEARCH METHODS
The research methodology used in this study is a literature study by combining qualitative and descriptive research methods.The qualitative research method is an approach in scientific research that aims to understand phenomena from the subject's point of view, explore meaning, and understand the context of the Bromo mountain fire and its relation to the ethical values of Pancasila in depth.Meanwhile, the descriptive research methodology in this article is carried out with a research approach that aims to describe or describe the phenomenon of Mount Bromo fires and their impact on the environment and society.Thus, researchers can conduct in-depth analysis of various aspects of phenomena related to the Bromo volcano fire due to the use of flares without the need to conduct experiments or collect primary data directly.
Instead, researchers rely on data and information obtained from many sources such as social media, news through television channels, and articles from the internet that are trusted and proven to be true in the form of literature to gain deeper insights.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Chronology of Savanna Fires on Mount Bromo
A severe fire in the Mount Bromo tourist area has occurred since Wednesday, September 6, 2023, and until now the fire has not been completely extinguished.The latest information states that the fire is still burning in the Keciri Block and continues to lead to Mount TClose in the Jabung District, Malang Regency.The chronology of the fire began when Andrie, a wedding organizer manager, and five other people, including two brides-to-be, set off from Surabaya to Mount Bromo.The bride-to-be, HP, and PMP hired Andrie's services for a pre-wedding photo shoot for Rp 7.5 million, which included three shooting locations: Teletubbies savanna, Mount Bromo crater area, and Mount Penanjakan.
They changed cars in the rest area of Gubugklakah Village and rented a jeep for Rp 500 thousand, which turned out to be cheaper than the usual price.After arriving at the Coban Trisula Post, Andrie registered his group as ordinary visitors and paid an entrance ticket for Rp 29 thousand per person.They do not have the Conservation Area Entry Permit (Simaksi) required for pre-wedding photo shoots, which are usually booked online at an additional cost of Rp 250 thousand on top of the entrance ticket.
When they arrived at the Teletubbies Savannah, they prepared shooting equipment and one of them made a small fire in the shape of a love token using flares, creating a smoke effect like a music concert stage.However, one flare did not ignite and was thrown into an area of grass that had been burned to signal love.This resulted in an explosion and the fire started.
The drivers of members of the Bromo Jeep Association came and scolded them.Although Andrie denied that he used to enter the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) area, TNBTS officers were finally informed about this incident by a driver named Bowik, who then reported it to officers.TNBTS officers arrived at the scene as the fire grew.As a result, Andrei and five others were taken to the Sukapura Sector Police Headquarters and then transferred to the Probolinggo Resort Police Headquarters.
The main cause of fires is the improper use of flares in conditions of areas that are highly susceptible to fire.The action resulted in a fire breaking out and spreading to the Keciri Block area.
As the fire continued to expand rapidly, panic broke out among tourists and locals trying to save themselves and their possessions.Several local firefighters were immediately deployed to the site, but their task proved to be very difficult due to limited access to the area (Fallahnda, 2023).Meanwhile, news of the fires spread through social media and caught the attention of local authorities.Emergency fire teams from the surrounding area were also called in to help extinguish the blaze which quickly spread to several points on Mount Bromo.
Over the next few days, blackout efforts continued despite hot temperatures and strong winds making the task increasingly difficult.On Wednesday, September 13, 2023, the fire was successfully extinguished, but not before scorching thousands of hectares of land, damaging unique natural vegetation, and dramatically changing the landscape of Mount Bromo (Puspapertiwi & Hardiyanto, 2023).These serious environmental impacts require substantial restoration and restoration efforts.In addition, local communities that depend on tourism experience significant losses (Arifin, 2023).It's expensive about the importance of prudence in carrying out activities in fragile natural environments like Mount Bromo, and how careless actions can trigger destructive events.

Impact of Combustion Events in Various Aspects
Forest and land fires have caused widespread, serious, and direct impacts on environmental damage, public health, and economic stability.In today's era of environmental uncertainty, the impacts generated by forest and land burning cannot be ignored.This event is no longer just a regional issue but has become a pressing global problem.

Environmental Impact
The impact caused by the fire on Mount Bromo, East Java, turned out to be much more widespread and serious than it might seem at first glance.The Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Authority (BB TNBTS) has claimed that the fires involving the Teletubbies Hill Savannah and expanding to burn around 504 hectares of land, had troubling consequences.The impact not only affects the Tengger people living in the vicinity but also has a significant impact on the natural environment around this area.
This devastating fire has caused significant environmental damage, with some rare flora and fauna inhabiting the Mount Bromo area affected (Intan, 2023).Rare plants such as Malela Grass, Edelweiss Flowers, and Tosari orchids, which are an important part of the natural ecosystem here, have burned down, leaving a void and a huge loss in biodiversity.Not only that, endangered species such as Javan eagles and Javan langurs also have to bear losses, because these fires have damaged their natural habitats (M Rofiq, 2023b).
One of the most disadvantaged aspects is the ecological problem.According to the Head of the Semeru Volunteer Friends Center, Sukaryo, who is also a volunteer for fire fighting on Mount Bromo, the Head of the Semeru Volunteer Friends said that fires in conservation areas cause considerable ecological damage (Wardani &;Malia, 2023), thus creating serious challenges in maintaining the sustainability of nature and biodiversity in the affected areas.

Health Impact
Forest and land fires can have a serious impact on human health.Smoke and harmful particles produced during such fires can cause various health problems, especially in the respiratory system.Individuals exposed to fire smoke may experience throat irritation, red and itchy eyes, coughing, and difficulty breathing.Further, fine particles in smoke can enter the bloodstream and increase the risk of cardiovascular problems, such as heart disease and stroke.Vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with chronic diseases have a higher risk (Sitompul, 2023).
In addition to physical impacts, wildfires can also impact the mental health of affected communities, creating levels of anxiety and psychological stress.
These wildfires can also affect public health more broadly.Disruptions in clean water supply (Kartika, 2023), food availability, and sanitation due to fires can increase the risk of water diseases and nutrition-related problems due to damage to pipes made of PVC in the Mount Bromo area resulting in clean water channels being cut off to six villages, namely Ngadirejo, Wonokerto, Ngadas, Jetak, Wonotoro, and Ngadisari.
The damage to ecosystems caused by such fires takes a long time to recover, meaning public health impacts can continue long after the fires are extinguished.

Socio-Economic Impact
Forest and Land Fires (Karhutla) that occur in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Area (TNBTS) produce serious consequences that have an impact on tourism actors.The closure of access points from four regions, namely Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Malang, and Lumajang, to Mount Bromo has created a significant economic impact on the tourism industry.The closure of access from the four regions has caused tourism players and the local economy to face large financial losses due to a decrease in tourist visits which has caused a decrease in income for inns and stall owners who rely on tourists as customers (M Rofiq, 2023a).

Legal Basis for Forest and Land Fire Control
Forest and land fires have resulted in widespread, serious, and direct impacts on public health, the economy, disruption of human activities, ecological balance, and environmental damage.For this reason, efforts to prevent and control forest fires must be carried out seriously, together (collaboratively), in synergy by all components of society including the business world (Sulaeman et al., 2023)

Legal Implications for Perpetrators of Fires on Mount Bromo
A national park is a nature reserve, an area with certain characteristics both on land and in water, which functions to protect important systems, preserve the diversity of plant and animal species, and the sustainable use of biological natural resources.One of these nature reserves includes conservation forests, which are forests with certain characteristics, whose main function is to preserve the diversity of plants and animals and their ecosystems.
Seeing these various functions, the World National Park Congress confirmed the Bromo Tengger Semeru area as a national park in a meeting held in Denpasar, Bali, on October 14, 1982, on consideration of nature and its environment that needs to be protected as well as various ancient traditional potentials that need to continue to be developed.On November 12, 1992, the Indonesian government inaugurated the Bromo Tengger Semeru area as a national park.
Bromo National Park is included in a nature conservation area that includes conservation forest types.This indicates that this national park is considered a protected and conserved area to maintain its biodiversity and ecosystem.
Based on Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning forestry (hereinafter referred to as the Forestry Law) and its amendments, there are provisions regarding the prohibition of burning forests.The key points of this law are as follows: 1. Forest Burning Ban Everyone is prohibited from burning forests, including national parks.

Criminal Sanctions
If someone deliberately burns forests (including national parks), they can be threatened with a maximum prison sentence of 15 years and a maximum fine of Rp7.5 billion.3. Negligence in Burning Forests If someone burns forests (including national parks) because of their negligence, they can be sentenced to a maximum of 5 years imprisonment and a maximum fine of Rp3.5 billion.

Corporations and Criminal Aggravation
If the crime is committed by the corporation and/or on behalf of the corporation, the corporation, and its management are subject to a penalty of 1/3 of the principal criminal fine. 5. Indemnity Payment Obligations In addition to criminal sanctions, parties that cause forest fires (including national parks) are obliged to pay compensation according to the level of damage or consequences caused to the state.This compensation is used for the cost of rehabilitation, restoration of forest conditions, or other necessary actions.
With this provision, the government aims to protect forests and nature conservation areas, including Bromo National Park, from burning that can damage ecosystems and biodiversity.Strict prohibitions and punitive sanctions are expected to encourage public awareness and compliance with nature conservation efforts.
The legal basis applied to parties that cause Forest and Land Fires in the Bromo National Park area includes several regulations as follows: -Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and their Ecosystems.This law regulates the conservation of biological natural resources and their ecosystems, including forests and land.Parties who commit actions that can damage or threaten the existence of natural resources, such as forest fires, may be subject to sanctions under the provisions of this law.While there is no specific information on how these laws relate to forest fires, they can cover aspects related to natural resource management and the environment.
In the case of forest fires that occurred from September 6 to 15, 2023 in the Mount Bromo area that turned the savanna into a sea of ash, the party responsible for the fire may be sanctioned based on the provisions of the above law, depending on the facts and specific conditions of the incident.

Applicable Law Against Perpetrators of Fire Cases in Bromo
National parks as nature conservation areas include one type of conservation forest.For parties who cause national park fires, whether intentional or due to negligence, criminal sanctions can be imposed, demands for payment of compensation to the state, to civil lawsuits.
One person who has been named as a suspect and is a prisoner of Probolinggo Regional Police is Andrie Wibowo Eka Wardhana, a 41-year-old man who is the owner of WO and photographer in this case.From the hands of the suspects, the police secured several pieces of evidence that corroborated their alleged negligence in causing a forest fire in Teletubbies Hill, Bromo.Among them are flares, matches, and cameras.The Wedding Organizer also does not have permission to enter the Mount Bromo Forest Conservation area, thus reinforcing the negligence they committed.
The "Whoever intentionally violates the provisions as referred to in Article 50 paragraph (3) point d, shall be threatened with a maximum imprisonment of 15 (fifteen) years and a maximum fine of Rp. 5,000,000,000.00 (five billion rupiah)."(No.41, 2004)

Implementation of Pancasila Fire Case on Mount Bromo
The application of Pancasila in the context of environmental conservation related to the Bromo mountain fire can be done by referring to several Pancasila precepts, which are as follows.(Ihsani &; Fatma Ulfatun Najicha, n.d.) 1.The First Precept: "The One True Godhead", teaches that the universe is a creation of the One True God, and man has the responsibility to guard and care for it.In the context of the Bromo volcano fire, the implementation of the first precept can be done by raising awareness of the importance of preserving nature and the environment around Mount Bromo as a form of respect for God who created it.2. The Second Precept: "Just and Civilized Humanity", emphasizes the importance of being a civilized and intelligent citizen, including in preserving the environment.In the context of the Bromo volcano fire, the implementation of the second precept can be done by prioritizing justice in handling fires, such as providing assistance and protection to affected communities and educating the public about the importance of protecting the environment so that fires do not occur.3. Third Precept: "Unity of Indonesia", emphasizes the importance of national unity, including in protecting the environment.In the context of the Bromo volcano fire, the implementation of the third precept can be carried out by involving various parties, such as the government, community, and related institutions, in efforts to prevent and overcome fires.Collaboration and cooperation between parties will strengthen unity in protecting the environment and preserving nature around Mount Bromo.4. The fourth precept: "Peoplehood led by wisdom in representative deliberation", emphasizes the importance of wise leadership in making decisions that have an impact on the environment.In the context of the Mount Bromo fires, the implementation of the fourth precept can be done by involving the community in decision-making related to environmental management and preservation around Mount Bromo.The community can be invited to participate in deliberations and consensus to determine the right steps in preventing fires and preserving nature around Mount Bromo. 5.The fifth precept: "The precepts of social justice for all Indonesians", emphasizes the importance of justice in benefiting the environment.In the context of the Bromo volcano fire, the implementation of the fifth precept can be done by ensuring that fire suppression and post-fire environmental rehabilitation efforts are carried out fairly and equitably for all affected Indonesian people.This could involve an equitable distribution of resources and assistance to communities affected by the Bromo volcano fires.
By implementing Pancasila, it is hoped that sustainable policies and actions can be created to preserve the environment related to the Bromo volcano fire.This will help preserve nature and the welfare of the community around Mount Bromo.

CONCLUSION
The case of the Mount Bromo tourist park fire that burned hundreds of hectares caused by flares that exploded during a prewedding photoshoot has violated environmental laws and ethics.The use of flares in situations like this can be very dangerous and unsafe.Flare is a pyrotechnic device that emits high fire and heat and is very dangerous if used in areas that are prone to fire/open space let alone without proper supervision.Although the Mount Bromo tourist park fire case was an accident, the negligence of the WO has harmed and endangered many parties and caused negative impacts on the environment.The threat of punishment obtained by the WO manager (AW Suspect) which is 5 years in prison and a maximum fine of Rp.1.5 billion is appropriate or even more severe because it has caused many losses to many parties, both the state, tourism, traders and the community as well as the polluted environment.
Hopefully the next day, the WO, photographers, and couples who plan the prewedding concept will be more careful and consider safety and the environment when doing activities like this and use safe alternatives to achieve the desired effect in prewedding photos.
In addition to the hope that WO, photographers, and couples who plan pre-wedding concepts to be more careful in their activities, the active role of brides and the general public is needed in environmental conservation.The bride and groom can be actively involved in reforestation and restoration programs of fireaffected forests by providing funds and labor to plant trees that have burned.
By working together, repairing damage, and striving to avoid actions that damage the environment, Mount Bromo tourist park will certainly continue to exist for future generations to enjoy.
. In Indonesia, there are several laws and regulations related to forest and land fire control, including (Police & Republic, 2020): 1. Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, amended by Law Number 19 of 2004 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations instead of Law Number 1 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry into Law; 2. Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management; 3. Law Number 39 of 2014 concerning Plantations; 4. Government Regulation Number 4 of 2001 concerning Control of Environmental Damage and/or Pollution Relating to Forest and/or Land Fires; 5. Government Regulation Number 45 Year 2004 concerning Forest Protection, amended by Government Regulation Number 60 of 2009 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 45 of 2004 concerning Forest Protection; and f.Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number P.32/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/3/2016concerning Forest and Land Fire Control.6.Based on Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning forestry, hereinafter referred to as the Forestry Law and its amendments, everyone is prohibited from burning forests.Anyone who deliberately burns forests (including national parks) is threatened with a maximum prison sentence of 15 years and a maximum fine of Rp7.5 billion.Meanwhile, anyone who for negligence burns forests (including national parks) is sentenced to imprisonment for a maximum of 5 years and a maximum fine of Rp3.5 billion.The legal bases applied to parties that cause Forest and Land Fires in the Bromo National Park area include (Marpaung, 2019): Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and their Ecosystems, Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry as amended by Government Regulation instead of Law Number 1 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry which has been stipulated to laws by Law Number 19 of 2004, Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Government Regulations instead of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation which have been enacted into law by Law Number 6 of 2023.
-Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry which has been enacted into law by Law Number 19 of 2004.This law regulates the management of forests and forest natural resources.Parties responsible for actions that result in forest fires in the Bromo National Park area may be subject to sanctions by the provisions of this law.-Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management.This law aims to protect and manage the environment from various threats and negative impacts, including forest fires.Parties who commit acts that damage the environment, such as burning forests, may be subject to sanctions under the provisions of this law.-Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation which has been enacted into law by Law Number 6 of 2023.
police themselves have named AW WO manager as a suspect in triggering forest fires in Bromo and the TNBTS area.He was charged with Article 50 paragraph 3 letter D juncto Article 78 paragraph 4 of Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry as amended in Article 50 paragraph 2 letter b juncto Article 78 paragraph 5 of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of PP instead of Law RI 2/2022 concerning Job Creation into Law and/or Article 188 of the Criminal Code.Article 50 paragraph 3 letter D juncto Article 78 paragraph 4 of Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry states sanctions for forest burning behavior.(M Rofiq, 2023c)