Prevention of Early Marriage in Religious and Health Perspectives in Petangguhan Village

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Child marriage according to UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund ) is discouraged against the rights of every child, because it can hinder the achievement of one's full potential.In this case, there are efforts made by the Indonesian government so that early marriage can be prevented, one of which is with the government targeting that by 2030, there will be no more child marriage incidents in Indonesia.This is also done to break the vicious cycle of child marriage [2] .
Marriage is the binding of marriage vows carried out by two people to formalize the bond of friendship in religious, legal, and social norms.the use of customs and ceremonies has many variations and variations according to tradition, religion, culture, and social class.Marriage carried out by the couple must have a mature age, marriage that has not reached the age (17 years) and carry out marriage can be said to be an early marriage.In Indonesia, early marriage often occurs, both in villages and cities.
The marriage law states that the ideal marriage is when the age of the man is 21 years and the woman is 19 years old.At that age, marriage can be said to be a marriage that has entered adulthood, so that it can bear its respective responsibilities and roles.
The Ministry of Religious Affairs takes ways or efforts to accelerate the prevention of child marriage with steps such as conducting counseling to the community through religious counseling, coaching and socialization of students through schools, and marriage guidance activities for each student and university student.
Early marriage is currently very much discussed because in 2023 Indonesia is in the world's top 10 in early marriage.The percentage of early marriage in Indonesia has increased so much that it has reached the number of cases of early marriage.Early marriage in Indonesia according to the Central Statistics Agency (2022) states that the provinces in Indonesia that have the highest numbers are South Sumatra Province, Jambi Province, and Bengkulu Province 1.459.00011.42%9,91%8,80% [3].
The tendency to marry at an early age for Muslims has become an increasing trend in recent times.Because early marriage can be considered to be a remedy for existing social problems.The problem in question relates to the existence of gharizatun nau' (the instinct to carry out offspring) on themselves in the context of a liberal secular society.This problem occurs due to 2 (two) social factors, namely; First, liberal secular societies present many stimuli that arouse sexual appetite, both in the form of bad social realities such as promiscuity and prostitution, as well as means that indulge lowly martyrdom, such as movies, VCDs, tabloids, novels, the internet, and so on.Second, there is a kind of national policy or program that forces young men and women to postpone their marriage age, to limit the population [4] .
Because it is said that a very large population will require a lot of various needs as well.While on the other hand, it is said that resources to satisfy that need are very limited [5] .
In reality, early marriage will have an impacts on the perpetrator both negative impacts and will affect the personal and social life of the perpetrator.So if this is not anticipated, it does not rule out the possibility of early marriage not bringing family happiness, as the purpose of marriage itself, but will actually bring madharatan and maybe even misery for the perpetrators [6] .
In this study on the Prevention of Early Marriage in Religious and Health Perspectives in Petangguhan Village.This research was carried out in Petangguhan Village because the impact on Petangguhan Village was very many people or residents who carried out early marriage, then instead a questionnaire was also given to find out how many residents in Petangguhan Village knew the level of early marriage [7] .

METHOD
In the use of data on the following observations using qualitative methods.Qualitative methods are methods that are described in the form of numbers but are also indicated in the form of descriptions or opinions.This shows that the prevention of early marriage from the perspective of religion and health is instrumental in this study.This qualitative research is made to find and explain a research problem by developing theories by exploring objects.There are three stages to understanding qualitative research: (1) Preliminary Stage, (2) Reduction Stage, and (3) Synthesis Stage (Maghfiroh and Shofa Suryana) In this study, both adolescents and health workers in Petangguhan village were used as research subjects so that research can collect information from primary sources subjects where data can be collected from this study focus on three sources for this information: (1) Individual, (2) Location, (3) Text.Information-gathering techniques include interviews, observation, and documentation.The data collection method is based on research conducted in Petangguhan Village to interview health workers and adolescents to conclude the prevention of early marriage from a religious and health perspective in Petangguhan Village.This should be investigated if the researcher wants to repeatedly visit the same problem point and each time find more problems.Problems can also be found by analyzing the prevention of marriage at an early age in religious and health perspectives in Petangguhan Village [8] .

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Understanding Youth
The definition of adolescence is the period between childhood to adulthood, if the age of children to adolescence or the period in adolescence, shows exemplary behavioral attitudes such as being unruly, easily aroused by changing feelings, and easy stimulation.It can be called defining teenagers is not that easy.As for some of the notions of adolescents from experts, among others: According to Irwanto (1994), the adolescent period is considered a transition period in the period of children to adults, this period is considered a very important condition in a person's life, especially in the process of forming individual personality.In the understanding by Irwanto, and Friends mentioned that adolescence is the culmination of previous development periods in this period which are obtained from previous times that are tested and proven so that in the future an individual already has a more mature mindset [9] .
According to Santrock (2006), explaining that adolescence comes from the Latin Adolescence which means "Growing" into adulthood.The term has another meaning, which includes mental, emotional, social, and physical maturity.
So, it can be concluded that adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood accompanied by physical, psychic, and psychosocial changes.In general, adolescents aged around 12 to 21 years for women, and for men 13 to 22 years.

Understanding Early Marriage
According to Law Number 1 of 1974, Article 71 stipulates that the maximum limit of marriage at a young age is women 16 years and men 19 years.Meanwhile, according to BKKBN (National Population and Family Planning Agency), the age limit for young people is 10 to 21 years [10] .
Early marriage is a marriage performed by teenagers under the age of 20.Then according to Ghifari argues that marriage at a young age is marriage carried out in adolescence.What is meant by adolescence is 10 to 19 years.
Early marriage is generally a marriage carried out on women who are less than 16 years old and on men who are less than 19 years old.

Factors Influencing Early Marriage
Several factors encourage early marriage are as follows, including: a.According to Jayadiningrat in Fatimah (2009), the main reasons for early marriage are: • The immediate desire to get offspring in addition to family members.
• Lack of education about the adverse effects of early marriage, both for both spouses and the family.
b.The occurrence of early marriage according to Hollean in Fatimah ( 2009) is caused by: • Family economic problems.
• The parents of the bride's side ask the groom for preconditions to marry his daughter.
• Parents think that with the marriage of their children, there is less responsibility from these parents.
Other factors that encourage early marriage that are often found in the community include: • Education Low level of education and knowledge from parents, children, and society.Which causes the tendency to marry off his underage children without any repercussions and consequences that will occur in the future.
• Parents The level of parental education is still low so it affects the mindset of parents to be resigned and accept, that resignation is what causes parents to lack understanding of the existence of marriage law No. 1 of 1974.

Impact of Early Marriage
Several impacts are associated with early marriage, including: • Pregnant adolescents will more easily experience disorders during pregnancy and childbirth, and it becomes one of the causes of high maternal and infant mortality.• Deprived of the opportunity to achieve higher education.Because children who engage in early marriage tend not to think about their education anymore, that is what causes the hampering of education for the child.• Relationships with peers are reduced because they focus more on taking care of the household.And they will feel awkward or reluctant to hang out with their peers.• Narrow opportunities to get a job will automatically lead to poverty (Low economy caused by lack of education).• The impact on children born from an immature age includes birth with low weight, injuries at birth, and childbirth complications.• The impact on the family in the future includes: such as violence arising from the immature way of thinking of the couple, and economic difficulties in the household that cause riots and disputes.
When viewed from the impacts caused above, early marriage has more negative impacts than negative impacts.Early marriage can reduce human resources in Indonesia due to the interruption of opportunities to get an education.Therefore, the effort that can be made by the government is to create a 12-year compulsory education program with the condition that it provides free assistance and fees for underprivileged students [11] .